What is A state Tax ID Number and Where Can I Find It?

When you’re setting up or running a business in the United States, taxes can feel like a maze. Federal requirements get most of the attention, but your state responsibilities matter just as much. One of the first things every employer, retailer, and service provider needs is a State Tax ID - a unique number that allows your business to comply with state tax rules.

If you’re wondering what is a state tax ID number, whether your business needs one, or how to apply, this guide breaks it down in simple, practical terms.

What Is a State Tax ID Number?

A State Tax ID Number (also known as a state EIN, employer’s state ID number, state identification number, or state tax registration) is a unique identifier issued by your state’s tax authority.

This number connects your business to its state-level tax obligations, including:

• Withholding state income tax from employees
• Paying state-level payroll taxes
• Collecting and remitting state sales tax
• Filing state excise, franchise, or industry-specific taxes
• Applying for state permits and licenses

Think of it this way:

Your Federal EIN ties your business to the IRS.

Both numbers serve different purposes, and most businesses need both.

Why Your Business Needs a State Tax ID

If your business operates within any state, you may be legally required to obtain a state tax ID number for business. Here’s why it matters:

1. Hiring Employees

The moment you hire an employee, you must withhold and remit state income taxes. Your employer state ID number is required for these filings.

2. Collecting Sales Tax

If you sell taxable goods or services, you’ll need a state tax ID to collect, report, and remit sales tax.

3. Paying State-Level Taxes

This includes unemployment insurance, franchise tax, excise tax, and industry-specific taxes.

4. Obtaining State Licenses and Permits

Many industries - from retail to construction - require a state ID number before issuing permits.

5. Operating in Multiple States

If you expand into a new state, you’ll need a new state ID number for that jurisdiction. It isn’t transferable.

Failing to get this number can lead to fines, penalties, and in serious cases, the suspension of business operations. 

State Tax ID vs Federal EIN: What’s the Difference?

Many business owners confuse the two, but the distinction is simple:

If you're operating legally, you’ll almost always need both.

Who Needs a State Tax ID?

You need a state identification number if your business:

• Has employees
• Collects sales tax
• Owes excise, franchise, or industry-specific taxes
• Buys products for resale and needs a resale certificate
• Applies for certain state-level permits

Who may NOT need one?

• Sole proprietors without employees
• Single-member LLCs without payroll or sales tax obligations

Even then, many owners still apply for a state tax ID to avoid using their personal Social Security number.

How to Apply for a State Tax ID Number

The process varies slightly by state, but here’s the general outline:

1. Register Your Business

Before applying, your business must be officially registered with your state.

2. Gather Required Information

Most states ask for:

• Federal EIN
• Business formation documents
• Ownership information
• Business activity details

3. Apply Through Your State's Department of Revenue

Applications are usually available:

• Online (fastest)
• By mail
• Through state agency walk-in offices

4. Wait for Approval

• Online applications: often immediate
• Paper applications: anywhere from 1-4 weeks

5. Keep Your Number Accessible

You’ll use it for payroll filings, sales tax returns, and permit renewals.

State-Specific Considerations

Every state has unique requirements. Here’s a quick snapshot:

California

• Issued by the EDD
• Required for payroll, unemployment insurance, and sales tax registration

New York

• Issued by the Department of Taxation and Finance
• Required for withholding, sales tax, and other state-level taxes
• Additional New York City-specific permits may apply

Texas

• Issued by the Comptroller of Public Accounts
• Required for franchise and sales tax
• No state income tax, but other obligations still apply

Common Mistakes to Avoid

These issues often create tax problems for new business owners:

1. Assuming a Federal EIN Is Enough

It isn’t. The IRS and your state operate independently.

2. Expanding Into a New State Without Registering

Operating without a state ID in another jurisdiction can trigger audits.

3. Using Your SSN Instead of a State ID

This increases identity-theft risk for sole proprietors.

4. Missing State Filing Deadlines

Each state has its own schedule for payroll and sales tax filings.

2025 State Tax Compliance Updates You Should Know

A few key updates that impact your state responsibilities:

1. New York LLC Transparency Act - Effective January 1, 2026

Businesses will need to disclose beneficial ownership information.

2. Updated Federal and State Reporting Deadlines

Quarterly IRS Form 941 deadlines for 2026:

• April 30, 2026
• July 31, 2026
• October 31, 2026
• January 31, 2027

3. Increased 1099 Threshold Starting in 2026

Updated reporting threshold: $2,000.

How Global FPO Helps You Stay Compliant

Managing state-level tax requirements is time-consuming and often confusing. That’s where Global FPO supports growing businesses.

We help you with:

• Applying for a State Tax ID
• Setting up payroll and state withholding accounts
• Sales tax registration and compliance
• Multi-state registration
• Ongoing state-level tax filings
• Avoiding penalties and compliance issues

You focus on running your business - we take care of the rest.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is a State Tax ID Number?

A state tax ID number is a unique identifier issued by your state’s tax authority to manage payroll, sales tax, and other state-level tax obligations.

2. Do I need a State Tax ID if I already have an EIN?

Yes. Your Federal EIN is for federal taxes; the state ID number is required for state taxes.

3. How do I apply for a State Tax ID Number?

Apply through your state’s Department of Revenue. Online applications offer the fastest approval.

4. How long does it take to get a State Tax ID?

Many states issue it instantly online. Paper applications may take a few days to a few weeks.

5. Can a State Tax ID be used for multiple businesses?

No. Each business entity must have its own unique state tax ID number.

6. Do online-only businesses need a State Tax ID?

Yes, if they collect sales tax or hire employees.

7. Is a State Tax ID free?

Most states provide it at no cost when registering directly through the state’s website.

8. What happens if I operate without a State Tax ID?

You may face penalties, delays in licensing, sales tax issues, and possible suspension of business operations.

Final Thoughts

Your State Tax ID Number is one of the most important identifiers your business will use. Whether you're hiring employees, collecting sales tax, or expanding into new states, this number keeps you compliant and protects your business from unnecessary risk.